Free apply что это
Free-float — что это за коэффициент и зачем он нужен инвестору
Free-float (FF) на фондовом рынке используется как показатель количества акций конкретной компании, доступных инвесторам. Как оперировать этим показателем, мы расскажем в нашем материале.
Что такое free-float акций
Компании, занятые в стратегических для страны отраслях, контролируются государством, владеющим крупным пакетом акций. Они также не попадают на рынок.
Есть ценные бумаги, выпущенные для сотрудников с целью повышения лояльности последних. Такие бумаги ограничены в хождении и выдаются в виде опционов или премий.
С английского языка free-float дословно переводится как «свободное плавание». Подытоживая вышесказанное, доступность ценных бумаг ограничена исключениями в виде активов:
Все остальные активы попадают во free-float.
Как рассчитать, сколько акций находится в свободном обращении
Показатель рассчитывается как процент от общего количества выпущенных акций или в виде коэффициента. Пример: компания выпустила 10 тыс. акций, из которых в свободном обращении только 1 тысяча. Free-float получится 10 %, либо 0,1.
Как пользоваться коэффициентом
Показатель используется крупными глобальными игроками, мелкими инвесторами. Для вкладчиков это отображение надежности, ликвидности активов. Вне зависимости от имиджа и рейтинга компании, при низком FF ее акции не будут популярными у инвесторов.
Опираясь на коэффициент, трейдер выбирает выигрышную стратегию торгов на бирже:
Free-float влияет на ликвидность акций. Чем выше показатель, тем больше свободных активов, а с ними – и шире рынок торговли. При FF меньше 0,15 инвесторы сильно рискуют. Продать и купить такие активы сложнее из-за их меньшего объема, суженного рынка и неопределенности в перспективе.
Может ли free-float увеличиваться и уменьшаться
Показатель FF меняется, когда доли в руках мажоритарных, миноритарных акционеров изменились.
Снижает коэффициент обратный выкуп ценных бумаг. Так компания увеличивает долю контрольного пакета активов за счет бумаг, бывших в свободном доступе. Обратный выкуп проводят с целью:
Стратегическая покупка акций также влияет на коэффициент. Речь о случаях покупки ценных бумаг мажоритариями, желающими перехватить контроль над деятельностью компании.
Где посмотреть free-float компаний
Показатель объема free-float активов относится к общедоступной информации. Узнать больше о российских компаниях позволяет сайт Московской биржи. Показатели проверенные, актуальные. Цифры, касающиеся зарубежных бумаг, публикуются на сайтах Nasdaq, Finviz.com и др.
Самостоятельно рассчитать коэффициент сложно, поскольку нужно провести исследование, сравнительный анализ. Легче и быстрее воспользоваться интернет-ресурсами, представляющими пользователям обновленную информацию по финансовым инструментам.
На что влияет free-float
Чем выше коэффициент free-float, тем большее количество акций доступно на свободном рынке. Это косвенно указывает на ликвидность ценных бумаг. Прямой зависимости нет, поскольку на ликвидность влияют и другие факторы. Например, привлекательность для потенциальных акционеров. Если компания неинтересна, то даже при высоком коэффициенте спроса на активы не будет, и ликвидность будет стремиться к нулю.
Справка: значение FF может влиять на перспективы бизнеса. Контрольные пакеты активов в большинстве компаний меньше, чем 50 % + 1 акция. Теоретически есть возможность купить бумаги из свободного доступа, чтобы «перебить» полномочия контрольного пакета.
Коэффициент влияет на стойкость ценных бумаг по отношению к ценовым спекуляциям. Малый показатель опасен тем, что небольшая группа покупателей / продавцов способна резко разбалансировать спрос / предложения. В результате растут риски для инвесторов.
Пример: при избытке покупателей и дефиците предложений на рынке формируется искусственный спрос, повышающий цену. Избыток продавцов на фоне малого спроса чреват снижением курса ввиду завышенного предложения.
Коэффициент free-float поможет в ходе всестороннего анализа перспективного инвестирования выбрать подходящие активы. Низкий показатель обычно наблюдается у бумаг, склонных к резким скачкам курса, что неудобно для портфельного инвестора. Неоправданно высокий показатель выглядит странно: если активы неинтересны крупным инвесторам, то они сделали выбор в пользу более надежных акций.
Подпишитесь на нашу рассылку, и каждое утро в вашем почтовом ящике будет актуальная информация по всем рынкам.
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Why Apple is the best place to buy iPhone.
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Choose (RED).
Save lives.
Every Apple (PRODUCT)RED purchase helps fight global health emergencies.
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Snap on a magnetic case, wallet or both. And get faster wireless charging.
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Attach one to your keys. Slip another in your backpack. Then easily keep track of them in the Find My app.
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