Expository essay что такое
Руководство: типы эссе в английском языке и советы по их написанию
Написание эссе – распространенное задание, с которым сталкиваются те, кто изучает английский. Часто эссе используются в качестве домашних заданий, части тестов, и, конечно, в качестве одного из испытаний при поступлении в учебные заведения.
Я нашел интересный пост, в котором рассказывается о том, эссе каких типов используются чаще всего, и даны советы по написанию таких текстов. Представляю вашему вниманию адаптированную (и дополненную) русскоязычную версию этого материала.
Что такое эссе в английском
В английском языке эссе – один из жанров письменных произведений, который напоминает привычный на постсоветском пространстве «сочинение-рассуждение». При написании такого текста задача автора часто – донести свое мнение и аргументировать его, в других случаях – исследовать какой-либо вопрос с тем, чтобы предоставить читателю пространство для собственных выводов.
Это накладывает определенный отпечаток на стиль повествования. Зачастую оно ведется от первого лица единственного числа, в тексте обширно используются соединительные слова, встречается эмоциональная лексика и метафоры.
Существует достаточно много эссе разных типов – в различных источников выделяют от нескольких основных, до десяти и более. Сегодня речь пойдет о базовых типах эссе.
Нарративные эссе (Narrative Essays)
Один из наиболее популярных типов эссе. При написании такого текста автор должен рассказать историю, основанную на опыте из реальной жизни. Такие истории обычно пишут в формате от первого лица, а повествование ведет читателя к самостоятельным выводам.
Описательные эссе (Descriptive Essays)
В данном случае основная цель – как бы нарисовать для читателя картину с помощью слов. Обычно автор описывает ситуации, людей или объекты, закладывая в простые описания более глубокий смысл. Обычно такие тексты воздействуют на эмоции читателей, задача также подвести их к каким-то выводам на основе прочитанного.
Аналитические эссе (Expository Essays)
Тексты данного типа обычно включают в себя анализ определенной темы, который выполняется с помощью фактов, статистических данных, ссылок на различные исследования и отчеты. То есть тут факты важнее, чем эмоции в описательных эссе. Поэтому даже при изложении от первого лица, автор должен избегать высказывания собственного мнения или выражения своих эмоций.
Убедительные эссе (Persuasive Essays)
Как ясно из названия, главная задача эссе данного типа – убедить читателя в чем-то, используя факты, логику и описания связанных с темой ситуаций. В таких текстах хорошо использовать экспертные мнения, практические примеры и т.п.
Как сказано выше, существует значительно больше типов англоязычных эссе, но эти – основные. Теперь же перейдем к советам по написанию текстов таких типов.
Шаг #1: сформулируйте идею
Написать хотя бы нормальный текст – не так просто, как может показаться, но без заранее четко сформулированной идеи задача становится практически невыполнимой. Поэтому прежде чем начинать писать, нужно четко сформулировать тему. Для этого нужно определиться парами вида «тезис-аргумент».
Тезис – это законченная мысль, которую вы хотите донести до читателя. Обычно в текст эссе следует включать не менее трех тезисов. К примеру, вы хотите написать эссе на тему «Чем опасна зависть», тезисы к нему могут выглядеть так:
Шаг #2: разработайте базовую структуру
Простота – это сложно. Помимо прочего, это значит, что для создания хорошего эссе не нужно пичкать его огромным количеством фактов, разделов, красивых литературных приемов. Один из главных секретов успеха – продуманная структура.
При ее создании удобно опираться на прописанные в предыдущем пункте тезисы и аргументы:
3. Шаг #3: если нужно, воспользуйтесь вспомогательными инструментами
Когда вам нужно написать что-то прямо сейчас, может возникать проблема под названием «боязнь белого листа». Даже если автор знает, о чем ему нужно написать, сделать первый шаг бывает труднее всего.
Причин боязни белого листа может быть множество: от эфемерных вроде «нет настроения», до вполне конкретных вроде парализующего страха получить плохую отметку за домашнее задание или излишнего перфекционизма. Конечно же, недостаток практики также сказывается не лучшим образом.
Эксперименты показывают, что решить эту проблему можно с помощью использования шаблонов текстов. Идея проста – человеку трудно написать хотя бы предложение, чтобы страница перестала быть пустой. Если же на ней уже будет какой-то текст, в который нужно внести изменения – делать это гораздо проще психологически.
По статистике блог-сервиса Ghost, использование шаблонов контента позволяет повысить скорость написания постов на 600%. А вот здесь собраны шаблоны для различных типов англоязычных эссе.
Шаг #4: вычитайте текст
После того, как вы победили боязнь белого листа и написали текст, важно перечитать его еще пару раз и исправить ошибки. Если вы пишите его онлайн, то хорошей идеей будет использовать специализированные инструменты для вычитки и проверки грамматики.
Такие инструменты помогут исправить опечатки, избавиться от грамматических ошибок и улучшить стиль текста. Сравнения популярных продуктов в этой сфере по стоимости, удовлетворенности пользователей и другим параметрам представлены, например, на этом сайте.
А какие еще рекомендации по написанию англоязычных эссе стоит применять по вашему мнению?
Expository Essays: A Complete Guide
You write a lot of essays, and while they might share some broad characteristics such as their structure, they can be quite different from each other. Some essays are meant to convince the reader that the position you’re arguing is the correct position, while others explore the differences and similarities between literary works. Beyond these, you might also be assigned to write essays that explain subjects, events, and concepts to the reader, sometimes walking them through processes. These essays are known as expository essays.
What is an expository essay?
The purpose of expository writing
Expository writing has a clear purpose: to educate the reader. While it may also entertain or persuade the reader, these are secondary benefits and not the author’s goal. Well-crafted expository writing demonstrates the author’s expertise on the subject and in many cases demonstrates how they learned about their subject.
Your essay about the mock trial doesn’t argue that the ruling was right or wrong. It merely explains the process your class used to work through the trial process and learn how real court cases move through the court system. In other words, your essay would present facts and process rather than opinion and commentary.
Types of expository essays
As we mentioned above, expository essays come in many forms. These include the following:
Classification essays
In a classification essay, you write about various subjects within one category, discussing each subject’s unique characteristics alongside the characteristics that connect it with others in its category. For example, you might write a classification essay about different kinds of herding dogs. Your essay would start with a thesis statement about how herding breeds are different from other categories of dogs, then in each paragraph, discuss specific herding breeds (corgi, collie, heeler, etc.).
Definition essays
A definition essay defines its subject by presenting clear facts about it. Your definition essay might challenge commonly repeated myths about a historical event by presenting firsthand accounts of the event from primary sources and discussing relevant social, political, and economic trends that impacted the event and influenced perceptions of it.
Process essays
A process essay walks the reader through the steps involved in completing a task. A recipe has a lot in common with a process essay. A process essay’s opening paragraph explains the process that will be covered and the end result of following the directions. Each body paragraph is a step in the process, then the conclusion explains what the reader should have achieved by completing each step.
Compare-and-contrast essays
Cause-and-effect essays
As the name implies, a cause-and-effect essay gets into how specific events and/or actions caused others to occur. They sometimes trace chains of events to explore why we find ourselves facing certain circumstances today. An example of a cause-and-effect essay might be one tracking how shifting market trends over the past few decades impacted the industries in your region, creating the current local economy.
How expository essays are structured
Expository essays follow the same general structure you use with every essay assignment : an introduction, body paragraphs that support and expand upon the points you made in your introduction, then a conclusion that reiterates those points and underscores your thesis.
Unless your instructor requires your essay to hit a certain word count, there’s no specific length your essay needs to be. Similarly, it doesn’t need to have a specific number of paragraphs—but it does need to express your points thoroughly and accurately. To achieve this, your essay should follow this format, give or take the quantity of body paragraphs for the number of supporting points you make:
Introduction
In the introduction, you present your essay topic and your thesis statement, ideally hooking your reader with intriguing facts. You also introduce your supporting evidence and all necessary context to help your reader understand your thesis.
Body paragraph
Each supporting point you make needs its own body paragraph. Although the five-paragraph essay is typically considered the “standard” essay length, you might need a six-paragraph or longer essay to thoroughly communicate your thesis statement.
Body paragraph
Use transition words and sentences to transition between body paragraphs. Transition words and sentences are the phrases that express the relationship between two paragraphs, signaling to the reader why you’re making a specific point and how that point fits into your overall work.
Body paragraph
In your last body paragraph, you’ll need to transition to your conclusion. That doesn’t mean you should start summarizing here—give your final body paragraph as much insight and detail as you gave your previous body paragraphs.
Conclusion
In your conclusion, you restate your thesis statement and summarize the points you made in your body paragraphs. It should neatly tie up any loose ends and answer any lingering questions the reader may have.
How do you write an expository essay?
Once you have a clear thesis statement, it’s time to outline your essay. With an expository essay, it’s especially important that you present accurate facts in a logical way. It can be very helpful to note your sources for each paragraph in your outline.
With a completed outline, it’s time to start writing. Follow the standard writing process through this first draft, editing, and your revision. Once you’re finished, make sure you proofread your essay carefully—not only for grammar and spelling mistakes, but to double-check that you’ve properly cited every source and formatted your essay according to your assigned style guide.
You write the essay, Grammarly gives it extra polish
In an expository essay, it’s especially important that your writing is mistake-free. Having spelling and grammatical mistakes in your writing undermines your credibility as a writer, so even if your ideas and insights are solid, readers won’t get as much out of your work as they would if it had no mistakes.
How to Write an Expository Essay
If you have an expository essay prompt, first of all, get ready to spend a while finding all types of information sources and conducting in-depth research. Students often get frustrated when they are assigned an expository writing assignment. Although essays have never been a piece of cake in the first place, this version of the task appears to be one of, if not the, hardest one(s).
What is expository writing? Why is it so complicated? And how can you write an A-level paper with ease? In this article you are going to find answers to all of these, and many other, common questions, as well as find a step-by-step guide for creating a flawless essay.
What Is an Expository Essay?
To get to the point of the expository essay definition, let’s start with the basics — the word “expository” is a derivative of the word “exposition.” As you can already understand from the name, the core task behind an expository essay is to expose information. Simply put, to expose something means to lay something bare, uncover, or discover information in a way to make it understandable for a reader.
Thus, an expository essay is a structured academic paper that investigates an idea, expands on it, provides argumentation, and presents everything in simple language to make the concept clear for everyone.
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Expository Essay Structure
As a rule, expository writing is done in MLA format and typically has a standard 5-paragraph essay structure:
Expository Essay Purpose
When are such tasks assigned? An expository essay, with its “explain, inform, describe” form, is a perfect way to test students’ knowledge. Due to this reason, such essays are often found at the end of various tests or exams. Also, it’s possible that you will be assigned such an essay for in-class writing, for example, at the end of your semester to show what you’ve learned from the course.
Another reason why this type of essay is often assigned in schools and colleges is that it is a good introduction to expository writing — one of the 4 major rhetorical modes. Expository writing, in its turn, branches out into a wide array of disciplines, including:
To give you a few examples, such written pieces like news articles, press releases, business letters, scientific journals, and term papers are all embodiments of the expository essay.
Finally, it is worth saying that expository writing is a vital life skill. Most careers have it as a daily requirement. Thus, another purpose of writing this type of essay is to acquire that vital skill.
5 Main Types of Expository Writing
There are 5 main types of expository essays:
The 5-Step Process for Expository Writing
Now, when you have a clear understanding of the key terms, know the basic structure, and the purpose of this work, you may wonder how to write an expository essay.
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Below you can find a list of 5 proven steps that will guide you through the process of expository writing and help you succeed:
1. Prewriting: Expository Essay Topics
The first phase of the writing process involves brainstorming for ideas and choosing a topic. In most cases, you will be provided with some essay prompts and instructions. Carefully read them to make sure you are on the same page with your teacher. Then, when you have a good idea of what you are expected to do, you can start searching for a perfect topic.
A good topic for an expository essay should not be too broad or narrow.
The Negative Influences of Video Games– is too broad, but if you make it more specific, for example, mention some classification of group studied, like age, gender, or other details, you will be able to narrow it down.
How Excessively Playing Video Games Can Provoke Teen Violence– is narrow because the subject of study and the group studied are quite specific.
The topic should be manageable, so make sure you pick something you can address in a 5-paragraph paper. Also, it should be relevant and significant. Finally, pick a topic that you are interested in and one you know you will be able to explain (after all, that’s the main purpose of this type of essay).
A topic can investigate pretty much anything from history to space or technology. Just find whatever engages you and go for it. To give you a little kickstart, we’ve collected a list of top 10 relevant ideas for a good expository essay:
2. Expository Essay Outline
Creating an outline is vital, regardless of the type of paper you were assigned to do. First of all, it helps to organize your thoughts and to put them in a logical sequence. Secondly, having an outline will make the writing process simpler.
As you already know, an expository essay should consist of five paragraphs:
Sample expository essay outline on the topic How Excessively Playing Video Games Can Provoke Teen Violence:
1. Introduction
2. Main Body: 1st Paragraph
3. Main Body: 2nd Paragraph
4. Main Body: 3rd Paragraph
5. Conclusion
3. Drafting
Once you have a defined topic and a detailed outline, you can start working on the first draft of the paper. It shouldn’t be hard to create a draft if you follow the outline. All you need is to expand the points from your outline and logically tie them together in the paper.
This is always the most important part of your paper, as it is what grabs a reader’s attention and smoothly directs them into the content of the essay. To get an A for an expository essay, you need to make sure that your introduction is concise, straight to the point, and eye-catchy.
Here are the main tips for shaping a flawless introduction:
Follow these prompts for writing a thesis statement:
To end your essay with a strong conclusion and leave a lasting impression on the reader, use these tricks:
Extra tip: avoid first-person pronouns such as “I” or “you” in the essay. An expository essay strives to interpret and clarify something, which is why it is more appropriate to write it in the third-person.
4. Editing
Writing a draft for your expository essay is just the first step. Next, you will have to carefully proofread and polish your work until it looks perfect. The best way to approach proofreading and editing is to give yourself a few days off after you have written the draft. This way, you will get back to your essay rested and will be able to look at it with a fresh mindset.
While editing, you need to focus on grammar, punctuation, and spelling. It is always a good idea to use grammar checking tools to ease the process and save some time. However, do not rely on such software heavily, as a machine still won’t be able to assess the quality of a text as well as a human can. Some of its suggestions may be incorrect and it may not be able to detect all gaps and errors.
Apart from grammar and mechanics, pay close attention to the clarity, readability, tone, and style of your text. Is it easy to read and understand? Have you neglected to include something? Is it engaging and does it convey the main message? Ask all these questions to make sure that you end up with an excellent paper.
Extra tip: have someone read your essay. This will help you collect additional feedback and polish your text with a fresh perspective.
5. Revising: Expository Essay Rubric
How can you know for sure that you’ve nailed your expository essay? Follow this comprehensive checklist to determine whether your work is good enough or still needs improvement:
Asking the questions from this rubric will help you double-check if your expository essay is good and ready for submission.
Example of an Expository Essay
Following the instructions given above should help you get on the right track for your essay writing process. However, looking at a few samples has always been the best way to learn how to write a specific type of assignment. Thus, to help you get started, we have prepared a few excellent expository essay examples:
expository essay
1 essay
пытаться;
to essay a hard task брать на себя неблагодарный труд
пытаться;
to essay a hard task брать на себя неблагодарный труд
2 expository
3 essay
to essay a hard task брать на себя́ неблагода́рный труд
4 expository
5 essay
6 essay
7 essay
to write an essay about / on smth. — писать эссе о чём-л.
8 essay
9 expository
10 essay
11 expository
12 essay
prize essay — очерк, удостоенный премии
13 essay
14 essay
15 expository
16 expository power
17 expository
18 essay
19 Law and Authority, an Anarchist Essay
20 ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoelectrodiffusion essay)
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Expository writing — is a type of writing where the purpose is to inform, explain, describe, or define the author s subject to the reader. Expository text is meant to deposit information and is the most frequently used type of writing by students in colleges and… … Wikipedia
expository — expositorily, expositively, adv. /ik spoz i tawr ee, tohr ee/, adj. of the nature of exposition; serving to expound, set forth, or explain: an expository essay; expository writing. Also, expositive. [1590 1600; Universalium
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